The Art and The Science of Launching a Hot Air Balloon


 
 

A balloonist seeking a country estate would write an advertisement in these terms:  “Well-drained field required, served by a well-paved access road.  Must be in a gentle valley, with high trees on the windward side, and situated far west of restricted airspace”


 

In theory, a balloon can be launched from anywhere; in practice there are topographical, climatic and legalistic considerations that make some places much more promising than others.  Balloon crews find choice launch sites that fulfill their requirements and persuade the landowners to give permissions for regular flying.  A phone call to the owner obtains the go-ahead for a particular day.  Crews can then use a familiar assembly point with well-known characteristics.


 

As balloons fly with the weather, and not through it, balloon pilots have considerations which do not affect pilots of conventional aircraft.  For instance, local ground fog, 50-100 feet thick, would not bother the pilot of a light aircraft intending to land some 200 miles away after a two-hour flight.  But it could be critical for a balloonist with a 15-mile flight plan.


 

Balloon pilots are greatly affected by the speed and direction of the wind; the pilots of aircraft only slightly.  The aircraft pilot will make allowances for the wind by calculating a course from A to B which takes account of the the amount of drift at an angle to his track.  At launch or landing he selects a runway which allows him to face his aircraft into wind and gain lift.  The balloon pilot, however, cannot fly from A to B if the wind is flowing in a different direction.  He therefore derives his course from the forecast wind direction, selects his approximate flight time and, if he has a desired landing area B, plots a take-off site A.  He then uses wind direction changes with altitude to fly from A to B.


 

More commonly a balloon pilot decides on an approximate flight duration - say 2 hours at 20 knots - and selects his launch site accordingly.  He can then give an approximation of B from his knowledge of the prevailing conditions, but will not determine his precise B until well into the flight.  This is one of the essential differences between balloon flying and most other forms of aviation.  Balloonists seldom have a destination in mind, but are more concerned with enjoying themselves on a magical mystery flight.

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